Informatics Publishing Limited

A. N. Ballal , M. G. Gogate , S. D. Dakshindas , M. Karunakaran

Abstract

Poplars were first introduced in Maharashtra in the year 1979-1980 in Western Ghat Plateau zone. However, this maiden effort met with very limited success due to the incorrect methods of planting. Renewed efforts were made to reintroduce poplars in the sub-mountain zone i.e., Eastern aspect of Western Ghats (rain-shadow zone) during 1985-1986 with the objective to compensate and ease the load on packing-case wood problem. Poplar being a soft wood species will be complementary to the packing case industry which supplies cases to grape and other horticultural crops cultivations in Western Maharashtra. Cuttings of 12 cultivars (clones) of Populus deltoides, 2 cultivars (clones) of P. x euramericana supplied by the Silviculturist, Southern region, Kanpur, U.P. 4 cultivars each of Populus deltoides of U.S.A. origin, Australian source and 1 cultivar of Populus nigra of Ankara origin, Turkey source supplied by Silviculture Division, F.R.I., Dehra Dun were tried in two nurseries of Forest Department and Directorate of Social Forestry, as well as in private people's plots and farms around Nashik and Pune Districts during February/March 1985. Impressed by the relative success of these trials of poplars carried out earlier, introduction trials were taken up in College of Agriculture, Pune during Feb. 1992 by using Entire Transplants (ETPs) of 5 cultivars of L & S series from Haldwani and Tata Energy Research Institute, Delhi. These are discussed here since the success is impressive. The performance of the above mentioned cultivars are assessed in light of measurements taken in October, 1999.

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Anmol Kumar , M. G. Gogate , Rajesh Sharma , A. K. Mandal

Abstract

Availability of firsthand basic information on the genetics of important characteristics and on parental combining ability is the prerequisite for formulation an efficient breeding programme. Information on these aspects derived in Teak (Tectona grandis) indicated significant genetic variation at the family level. Height recorded both high heritability and genetic gain values. Strong correlation at the genetic level was observed between diameter and basal area. Clones A-16, A-21 and A-35 were found to be best combiners. It is suggested that these clones be used in breeding as well as in advance generation production population in Teak.

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M. G. Gogate , D. B. Ghude , M. D. Deshpande

Abstract

Adoption of Entire Transplant Technique for Teak, coupled with protective irrigation during first year, results in considerably better survival and growth. Critical study of financial aspects reveals that despite initial higher costs, on the whole, approach is feasible.

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M. G. Gogate

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A case study of Lion Safari Park in Sanjay Gandhi National Park, Mumbai indicates doubtful lineage of animals and considerable inbreeding that has led to deleterious effects.for better utilisation of safari parks/zoos, as means of ex-situ genetic conservation of endangered species, there aspects need be considered, or else, diversion of already scarce resources for wildlife conservation of Safari Parks or Zoos may be misplaced.

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M. G. Gogate

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Based on locations-specific authentic information status of five wild Cats namely Jungle Cat, Desert Cat, Leopard Cat, Rusty spotted Cat and Caracal is reported. Possible existence of Fishing Cat in Tansa Sanctuary is indicated. Need for launching specific conservation efforts for lesser Cats is indicated.

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M. G. Gogate , V. S. Joshi

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Tempo of Teak plantations has picked up since the National Commission on Agriculture suggested in 1972 with the object of generating resources for the plantations programme as a commercial activity. Forest corporations were established and as a result financial viability of the plantation programmes, gained importance. With the rising prices of quality teak timber, private entrepreneurs have also embarked on teak plantation on lucrative terms which in turn has lead to controversy on speculations/ returns projected by some of them. Therefore, a case study is described in detail.

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M. G. Gogate , U. M. Farooqui , V. S. joshi

Abstract

Discharge of Sewage Water (SW) is primary source of pollution especially near big cities. But their irrigational and manural potential can he harnessed for production of arboreal biomass. In Maharashtra and adjoining states a large number of farmers are going for irrigated teak (Tectona grandis) plantations. Use of SW in this context will not only decrease cost of plantation by saving expenditure on manuring, but will reduce the pollution as well. In a case study of teak plan actions irrigated with SW, it was observed that growth in terms ofh eight and girth were significantly higher (P

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M. G. Gogate , U. M. Farooqui , V. S. Joshi

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A critical assessment of series of high input teak plantations established by Divisional Manager, F.D.C.M. Ltd., Thane Division has been carried out. Application ofirrigation and fertilizers have definitely shown positive response and has resulted in gains overrainfed plantations. Continuous monitoring of response to irrigation has revealed that except during juvenile stage, there is lack of response to irrigation during winter months i.e. period of dormancy. Claims of spectacular growth with higher inputs round the year made by number of agencies engaged in tree plantation ventures, are thus not supported. A judicious application of irrigation and greater emphasili on genetic improvement is thus stressed.

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M. G. Gogate

Abstract

No abstract

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M. G. Gogate , Anmol Kumar

Abstract

The practice of clear felling of natural forests to establish teak plantation was suspended fearing loss of plant diversity. Ecological audit of teak plantations older than ten years was taken up by critical appraisal of teak plantation vis-a-vis bench marks like adjoining miscellaneous forests, forest nut subjected to clearfelling and forests in the Tadoba National Park. The study encompasses assessment of species spectrum, regeneration status, analytical characters like frequency, density and abundance and basal area. Community coefficient of above said communities has been worked out and compared. The study reveals that earlier apprehensions were ill-founded. This is attributed to safety measures like retention of original crop as section lines, retention of fruit trees in the clearfelled areas.

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S. A. Paranjpe , A. P. Gore , M. G. Gogate

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Various methods and rules of tiger pugmarks have been used by foresters to represent male or female tiger. Some of the methods have not been tried and tested on pugmarks of animals of known sex. The present paper indicated a simple intuitive method and Bhattacharya method of classification of male and female tiger pugmarks in a more elaborate graphical technique and their application in forests.

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R. N. Indurkar , M. G. Gogate

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Protecting Wildlife and its habitat from human interference and is a alarming subject. The villages situated in and around the Sanctuary and National Parks solely put their right on rich forest resources, fuel, fodder and grazing. To save the degradation of vegetation etc., protective measures and Eco-development programme have been suggested.

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M. G. Gogate , U. C. Dhaundiyal

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Eucalypts introduction trial at New Forest, which include 24 entries, is reviewed. The species are Eucalyptus astringens, bicostata, botryoides, camaldulensis, citriodora, dairympleana, diversicolor, ficifolia, grandis, 'hybrid', leucoxylon, longifolia, maculata, melanophloia, polybractea, populnea, robusta, rudis, sideroxylon, staigeriana,. tereticornis and 12 ABL. Based on their performance, species have been broadly categorised into three groups namely promising, average and failure, Varied performance of the species is attributed to comparability of locality factors of the donor and the recipient region i.e. Dehra Dun. Important factors contributing to success or failure are identified as comparability on the parameters of latitude, elevation, soil and climatic conditions particularly the temperature regime,frost and rainfall type. Among the species evaluated Eucalyptus tereticornis, melanophloia, saligna, longifolia, camaldulensis, dairyrmpleana, populifolia and robusta are indicated as promising species for the sub Himalayan zone.

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R. S. Mathur , M. G. Gogate , R. C. Mittal

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With a view to study a possible correlation between occurrence and extent of fire and weather conditions, a case study was taken up in the forests or West Dehra Dun Forest Divison. Occurrence and extent of fire over a period of a decade (1968-1977) and weather conditions obtaining at the time of occurrence of forest fires, were critically examined. Mean temperature, average maximum temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, wind velocity etc. were the important weather parameters considered for analysis. The study indicates that a certain corelationship does exist between weather conditions and occurrance of fires. Based on the empirical knowledge, a Fire Danger Rating Index for the study area has been evolved.

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M. G. Gogate , R. C. Mittal , Pyarelal

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Reboisment of saline, alkali soils with useful tree species is engaging attention or investigators. Salinity tolerance testing of indigenous and exotic tree species is considered as a tool for the quick selection of suitable species. Australia, which has Pre-deminantly semi-arid-arid climate and has extensive saline-alkaline soils, is a potential source of suitable tree species. A list of promising Australian species for Northern India is provided. Quick appraisal through salinity tolerance at germinstion stage of Casuarina cristata, C. cunninghamiana, C. obesa and Melaleuca glomerata is described Acacia nilotied ssp indica, the indigenous species Which is highly recommended for salin areas, is evaluated for comparison. The trials indicate that Casuarina obesa and Casuarina cristata, are the most promising tree species Casuarina cunninghamiana and Melaleuca glomerata have limited scope. Further studies are recommended.

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M. G. Gogate , R. C. Mittal

Abstract

no abstract

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M. G. Gogate , R. C. Mittal , Pyare Lal

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During 1981 fire season field demonstrations-cum-studies on efficiency, suitability and economics of the Fire Rake ond Blowers were conducted in East and West Debra Dun Forest Divisions. It is found that the blower is more efficient and faster as compared to rake, but operation of blower being costlier than the rake blower be preferred in case of emergency only and not as a general practice. Maintenance of fire breaks by cultivation of evergreen shrubs may prove to be more economical and effective in comparison to mechanical process.

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M. G. Gogate

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Practice of planting forest tree species, particularly eucalypts, more density, which is termed as "High Density Energy Plantations (HDEP)", is based on the assumption that the factors defining maximum returns/density of planting are the availability of soil nutrients, sunlight and water. Under tropical conditions wherein sunlight is ample, with adequate water and soil nutrients, through application of irrigation and ferlilizers, 5 to 6 times more yield per unit area is expected. Density of planting, however, is governed by number of other factors viz. availability and economics of inputs like irrigation, fertilisers, growth hormones, insecticides, managerial skills, industrial base for utilisation of outputs, feasibility of diverting land and ground water resources which are immensely suitable for agriculture to forestry tree crops etc. Projected Cost/benefits apparently show very attractive net returns and thus practice is gaining popularity. These projections do not, however stand close scrutiny and thus blind following of the practice is not advocated. Short and long rang impacts of intensive Euaclyptus tree crop management under semi-arid conditions are highlighted. A need for evolving appropriate technology packages to ensure optimum sustained yield under different agro-climatic edaphic conditions and providing basic nutrient requirements is indicated. In view of its long range impacts on the ecology, there is need for moderation in providing surh inputs. Approach of dense planting with high inputs is a step in right direction however, in view of its economic and policy implications the whole issue deed be carefully examined.

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R. S. Mathur , M. G. Gogate

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Based on Bombay High naptha available from Mathura refinery, the Govt. of India is setting up a Petro-chemical complex at Salempur on Mathura-Barellly Highway, District Aligarh, U.P. Unless timely action is taken during the design of construction and operation to contain the same, such complexes have the possibi1ity of thermal and chemical pollution of environment. The project planning authorities mooted the idea of creating a green belt around the proposed complex to be developed by the U. P. Forest Department in consultalion with F. R. I. Trees play an important role in the maintenance and amelioration of environment; they not only improve the atmosphere through absorption of carbon-dioxide and other obnoxious gases and release oxygen, but also help in trapping dust particles and etfuluents in water discharges. Evapo-transpirational processes also moderate temperature to some extent. While doing so, trees also provide aesthetic beauty. In view of the above, it was decided to conduct an indepth study on extent and quality of green belt and the manner in which the same could be achieved most elfeelively. Keeping in view the constraints imposed by locality factors, such as alkaline soil, water logging etc. as also the impact of proposed petrochemical complex, a strategy for establishing of green belt is being evolved. This paper describes the considerations of the choice of species, planting techniques and manner in which the green belt need be maintained. Such an approach will ensure development with the least ecological disturbance i.e. development with out destruction and will provide much needed data base for integrating tree planting while planning major industrial complexes.

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A. K. Bansal , P. R. Choudhury , M. G. Gogate

Abstract

Assisted/Aided Natural Regeneration (ANR) forms the major strategy of treating degraded forest through Joint Forest Management (JFM) approach under the National Afforestation Plan (NAP) and Externally Aided forestry Projects (EAP). It is the dominant plantation model of forest-treatment in India. Field implementation and practices, as the review of experiences in Maharashtra and in Orissa indicates, differs considerably from the prescriptions and provisions outlined for ANR models. ANR prescriptions and practices also do not align with the current forest policy with a thrust on community partiCipation, livelihoods improvement and biodiversity conservation. Policy envisaged that adoption and sustainability of Joint Forest Management (JFM), is incumbent upon a more community-sensitive, silviculturally apt ANR practices. Recognition of these concerns led Orissa Forestry Sector Development Project (OFSDP) to start a journey towards a refined ANR process. Step-by-step process developed follows a 'diagnostic and design' approach with the involvement of the community, the Forest Department and the non-governmental organizations (NGO). The process used GIS maps, local ecological knowledge and working plan prescriptions to analyze 4 ha-grids from eco-livelihoods perspectives and jointly develop grid-wise treatment plans. With formalized involvement of communities and NGOs in forest management, this refined process, JFM+, addresses upfront concerns of livelihoods and biodiversity, while reiterating commitment towards enriching forests and enhancing their productivity through thinning, seeding, under-planting, etc.

Keywords

Joint Forest Management, Biodiversity, Livelihood

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